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Chapter 1
Types Distribution
These tables present type distribution by age. Since type distribution varies by age, the model allows for intervention efficacy for four different age groups: <2 years, 2 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years and > 10 years. If age-specific data are not available, type distribution data should be entered the same for all age categories.
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Intervention type 0 to <2 2 to <5 5 to <10
3
4A
5B
6G
7J
8D
9Q
9V
14
18A
20A
23F
24F
Other
 
Total
Intervention A type coverage
Intervention B type coverage
Intervention C type coverage
Chapter 2
Disease 1
This table presents estimated annual incidence of Disease 1 by age, the case-fatality ratio (CFR) by age, the percent complication 1 and the percent cases with hearing impairment.
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Age group (years) Incidence per 100,000 Case Fatality Ratio, (%)
<1 year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80-84 years
85-89 years
90 +
Long term complications
Age group % complication 1 % complication 2
Children (<16)
Adult (>=16)
Chapter 3
Disease 2
This table presents estimated annual incidence of pneumococcal Disease 2 by age, the case-fatality ratio (CFR) by age, the percent cases with Disease 2 sequelae and the GP consultation rate per 100,000, All cells with a blue border can be modified by the user.
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Age group (years) Incidence per 100,000 Case Fatality Ratio (%) % cases with Disease 2 sequelae GP consultations per 100,000
<1 year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80-84 years
85-89 years
90 +
Chapter 4
Disease 3
This table presents the estimated hospitalization rate, case-fatality ratio, and GP consultation rate for all-cause Disease 3.
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Age group (years) Hospitalization rate per 100,000 Case fatality ratio (%) GP consultations rate per 100,000
<1 year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80-84 years
85-89 years
90 +
Chapter 5
Disease 4
This table presents the estimated GP consultation rate per 100,000, the adjustment factor for total Disease 4 cases, the total number of myringotomy procedures per 100,000, the Disease 4 complications ratio and the cases of sequelae per 100,000.
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Age group (years) GP consultations rate per 100,000 Adjustment factor for total Disease 4 cases Total # of hospitalisations per 100,000 Cases of sequelae per 100,00
<1 year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80-84 years
85-89 years
90 +
Percent of cases due to each pathogen
Pathogen
Pathogen 1
Pathogen 1
Total
Chapter 6
Population Statistics for United Kingdom
This table presents population level statistics for the country selected on the Model Setting sheet: England & Wales, Scotland, or the UK as a whole. Population data are presented in thousands (per 1,000) by age group. As newer data become available, the user can update these estimates using the grey, user defined cells.
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Age group (years) United Kingdom per 1,000
<1 year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80-84 years
85-89 years
90 +
Chapter 1
Intervention Efficacy Rates Against Disease 1
This table presents the clinical trial efficacy data against invasive pneumococcal disease (Disease 1) for each of the interventions: Intervention B, and Intervention C. Efficacy data for Disease 1 are based on type specific efficacy from clinical trials. Based on the number of doses specified the model calculates, in the columns to the right, a maximum effectiveness for each intervention per type.
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Type Intervention A Intervention B Intervention C
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Other
Chapter 2
Intervention Efficacy Against Disease 2
In the cells with a blue border, the user can specify the efficacy of the different interventions on the GP visits and hospitalisations. Based on the number of doses specified on the model calculates, in the columns to the right, a maximum effectiveness for the different interventions for each regimen.
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Parameter Intervention A Intervention B Intervention C
Percent reduction in hospitalizations
Percent reduction in GP visits
Chapter 3
Intervention Efficacy Against Disease 4
This table presents the efficacy data against acute otitis media (AOM) for each of the interventions: Intervention B and Intervention C. Efficacy data for Disease 4 are not available by type or by dose. Instead, efficacy is modeled as efficacy against Pathogen 1 intervention types and non-intervention types. Efficacy at reducing disease caused by non-typable H. influenzae (Pathogen 1) is also included in the estimate of reduction in episodes of Disease 4 , as measured by Disease 4 -related GP visits and myringotomy procedures.
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Parameter Intervention A Intervention B Intervention C
Efficacy vs. Pathogen 1 intervention types
Efficacy vs. Pathogen 1 non-intervention types*
Efficacy vs. Haemophilus influenzae including Pathogen 1
* Negative values = type / pathogen replacement
Chapter 1
Costs per acute episode
The table presents direct medical costs per acute episode for children and adults. For modelling purposes cut-off age introduced to discriminate between children and adults
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Average cost per acute episode, £ Children
(age < 16)		 Adult
(age >= 16)
Case
Gp Visit
Hospitalisation
Death
Disease 1
Disease 2
Disease 3
Disease 4
Chapter 2
Costs for long-term sequelae
The table presents yearly costs for treatment of long term complications
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Annual costs for long-term sequelae, £ Children
(age < 16)		 Adult
(age >= 16)
Sequelae
Moderate complication
Severe complication
Chapter 1
Normative utility values
The table presents utility values not associated with disease.
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Age group (years) Normative utility values
< 16
16-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74
>= 75
Chapter 2
Disutility values for acute episodes
This table displays disutility values for each disease outcome including short-term disutilities associated with acute episodes of disease and long-term disutilities that are assumed to persist over the individual's remaining lifetime. The short-term disutility values are disutility values per episode and are applied to the total number of cases of each disease in the current year (not discounted).
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Short-term disutilities User input
Disease 1 (inpatient)
Disease 1 (inpatient)
Disease 1 (outpatient)
Disease 2 (inpatient)
Disease 2 (inpatient)
Disease 2 (outpatient)
Disease 3 (outpatient)
Disease 3 (hospitalized)
Chapter 3
Disutility values for
sequelae and
complications
The long-term disutility values are disutility values per year and are applied to the total number of cases of sequelae in the current year and discounted each year for an individual's remaining lifetime.
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Long-term disutilities User Input
Disease 1
Hearing impairment (from Disease 1)
Hearing impairment (from Disease 2)
Chapter 1
Expected Annual Earnings for Patients and Parents of Sick Children
This table presents age-specific average annual salaries and employment rates based on data from the Office of National Statistics and the Labour Force Survey. These two values are used to calculate the expected annual earnings by age group, which is used by the model to estimate the cost of productivity loss due to time lost from work due to pneumococcal-related illness. The user should use the cells with a blue border to update the annual salary estimates and employment rates in the UK.
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Age group (years) Annual salary, £ Employment rate
< 16
16-17
18-21
22-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-49
50-59
60-65
65+
Parents (age 18-49)*
* The percentage of families where no full-time parent is at home was roughly estimated by assuming each child lives with both parents and calculating the square of the average employment rate for a person between the ages of 18 and 49 (i.e., 75.9% × 75.9% = 57.6%).
Chapter 2
Work Loss Estimate for Patients & Parents of Sick Children
This table presents estimates of time lost from work for patients of working age or time lost from work for working parents of sick children for each of the disease outcomes. These time estimates are multiplied by the estimated annual earnings for a parent to estimate productivity losses due to illness. As a default, time lost from work for parents of sick children is assumed to be equal to time lost from work for patients.. The cut off age for children to adults is defined on the worksheet "Costs". The user should go to this worksheet to modify the cut off age.
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Average time lost from work for patients, days Average time lost from work for parents, days
Disease 1 - hospitalized
Disease 2 - hospitalized
Disease 2 - outpatient
Pathogen 1 Disease A - hospitalized
Disease 3 - hospitalized
Disease 3 - outpatient
Disease 4 - outpatient
Disease 4 hospitalized myringotomy
  • Summary of outcomes
  • All outcomes
Summary of outcomes
QALYs
Life years gained
Direct and indirect costs
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs)
Intervention B vs No Intervention Intervention B vs Intervention A Intervention B vs Intervention C
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs)
Cost per case of Sp. Disease 1 averted
Cost per case of Sp. Disease 2 averted
Cost per case of Disease A averted
Cost per hospitalization averted
Cost per GP visit averted
Cost per antibiotic prescription for Disease 4 averted
Cost per case of sequelae averted
Cost per death averted
Cost per LY gained
Cost per QALY gained
Total Incremental
Summary of outcomes
health outcomes consist of cases and deaths tables
Do nothing Intervention B Intervention A Intervention C Intervention B vs. No Intervention Intervention B vs. Intervention A Intervention B vs. Intervention C
Summary
Health Outcomes
Cases of Sp. Disease 1
Cases of Sp. Disease 2
Cases of all Disease A
Disease 3 hospitalizations
Disease 4 hospitalizations for myringotomy
GP visits for Sp. and Pathogen 1 Disease 2
GP visits for Disease 3
GP visits for Disease 4
Cases of sequelae (all types)
Deaths
Life years lost
QALYs lost (due to mortality)
QALYs lost (due to morbidity)
Total QALYs lost due to morbidity and mortality
Total life years
Total QALYs
 
Direct costs
Intervention costs
Intervention administration costs
Sp. Disease 1 costs
Sp. Disease 2 costs
Pathogen 1 Disease 1 costs
Pathogen 1 Disease 2 costs
Disease 3 costs
Disease 4 costs
Total direct costs
 
Indirect costs
Indirect costs
All outcomes
Total Incremental
All outcomes
Do nothing Intervention B Intervention A Intervention C Intervention B vs. No Intervention Intervention B vs. Intervention A Intervention B vs. Intervention C
Streptococcus Disease 1
Health Outcomes
Residual cases of Disease 1
Cases of Disease 1 prevented directly by intervention
Total cases of Disease 1 prevented
 
Residual cases of sequelae
Total cases of sequelae prevented
 
Deaths
Life years lost (due to deaths)
QALYs lost (due to death)
QALYs lost (due to disease)
Total QALYs lost (death & disease)
 
Direct Costs, £
Cost for cases of Disease 1
Cost for cases of sequelae
Total Disease 1 costs
 
Indirect Costs, £
Cost of wages lost due to Disease 1 case
Cost of wages lost due to long-term sequelae
Cost of wages lost due to death
 
Streptococcus Disease 2
Health outcomes
Residual cases of Disease 2
Cases of Disease 2 prevented directly by intervention
Total cases of Disease 2 prevented
 
Residual cases of sequelae
Total cases of sequelae prevented
 
GP visits
Total GP visits prevented
 
Deaths
Life years lost (due to deaths)
QALYs lost (due to death)
QALYs lost (due to disease)
Total QALYs lost (death & disease)
 
Direct Costs, £
Inpatient costs
Outpatient costs
Cost of cases of sequelae
Total Disease 2 costs
 
Indirect Costs, £
Cost of wages lost due to Disease 2 case
Cost of wages lost due to long-term sequelae
Cost of wages lost due to death
 
All-Cause Disease 3
Health outcomes
Hospitalizations
Hospitalizations prevented directly by intervention
Total hospitalizations prevented
 
GP visits
Total GP visits prevented
 
Deaths
Life years lost (due to deaths)
QALYs lost (due to death)
QALYs lost (due to disease)
Total QALYs lost (death & disease)
 
Direct Costs, £
Inpatient costs
Outpatient costs
Total Disease 3 costs
 
Indirect Costs, £
Cost of wages lost due to Disease 3 case
Cost of wages lost due to death
 
All-Cause Acute Otitis Media
Health outcomes
Myringotomy procedures
Myringotomy procedures prevented directly by intervention
Total myringotomy procedures prevented
 
Total Disease 4 cases (with and without GP visit)
Total Disease 4 cases prevented
 
GP visits
Total GP visits prevented
Total antibiotic prescriptions for Disease 4
 
Residual cases of sequelae
Total cases of sequelae prevented
 
QALYs lost (due to Disease 4 cases & myringotomy)
QALYs lost (due to sequelae)
Total QALYs lost
 
Direct Costs, £
Inpatient costs (Myringotomy)
Outpatient costs (GP visits)
Cost of cases of sequelae
Total Disease 4 costs
 
Indirect Costs, £
Cost of wages lost due to Disease 4 GP visits
Cost of wages lost due to myringotomy procedures
Cost of wages lost due to long-term sequelae
MODEL SETTINGS
COUNTRY SETTINGS
Specify the new country the model is created for or choose an existing country from the list of finalized models
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CURRENCY
Note: The selected currency affects the format of the costs. No monetary value conversion is done when changing the currency.
PERSPECTIVE
Specify from which perspective the analysis is carried out. Payer perspective implies analysis from the viewpoint of the healthcare system. The payer perspective covers direct medical costs, while societal perspective also covers productivity losses (indirect costs). Note: If the payer perspective is selected then productivity tab will be automatically blocked.
AGE GROUP ANALYZED
Age group analysed
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DOSING
The model allows for three interventions and two dosing regimens for each intervention.
Intervention A
Intervention B
Intervention C
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CROSS PROTECTION
Cross protection occurs when a intervention demonstrates efficacy in non-intervention types. The model allows the user to include or exclude cross protection. When "No cross protection" is selected, the default values for cross protection on this sheet change to zero. When cross protection for 1 or 3b (or both) are selected, the model assumes the same level of cross protection for Prevenar (Intervention A) and Intervention B.
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DURATION OF PROTECTION
The model assumes that there is a ramp-up in intervention efficacy based on the values below. The model assumes efficacy declines proportionally until the defined duration period is reached. After this duration, direct effects of the intervention are assumed to be zero.
Efficacy duration (years)
Intervention A
Intervention B
Intervention C
Age at start of efficacy waning
Intervention A
Intervention B
Intervention C
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INTERVENTION COVERAGE
The model allows the user to enter the intervention coverage.
All doses:
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INTERVENTION COSTS
This table includes the costs for each of the interventions dose including the unit cost of the intervention and costs related to intervention administration and wastage.
Intervention price per dose
Intervention A, £:
Intervention B, £:
Intervention C, £:
Administration
cost per dose, £
Intervention wastage
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HERD EFFECT
Type replacement occurs when the introduction of a intervention increases the prevalence of non-intervention types.
Net indirect effect (Disease 1)
Indirect Effects for Disease A
Age group
Pathogen 1
0-2 years
2-5 years
5-10 years
10-18 years
18-65 years
65+ years
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CUSTOM PARAMETER
Choose any input parameter to include in quickly accessible model settings tab.

To include the parameter:

  1. Navigate and choose the parameter value
  2. Click Add new parameter.
  3. The new parameter will appear in the list below

Parameter
Value
Parameter 1
Parameter 2
Parameter 3
Parameter 4
Parameter 5
Parameter 6
Parameter 7
Parameter 8
Parameter 9
Parameter 10
Add new parameter
Created by Digital Health Outcomes LLC
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    Country
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    Age Group Analysed
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    Dosing
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    Cross Protection
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    Duration of Protection
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    Intervention Coverage
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    Intervention Costs
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    Herd Effect
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    Type Distribution
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    Disease 1 Epidemiology
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    Disease 2 Epidemiology
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    Disease 3 Epidemiology
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    Disease 4 Epidemiology
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    Demographics
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    Intervention Efficacy - Disease 1
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    Intervention Efficacy - Disease 3
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    Intervention Efficacy - Disease 4
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    Direct Medical Costs - Acute Episode
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    Direct Medical Costs - Long-term Complications
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    Normative Utility Values
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    Disutility Values - Acute Episode
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    Disutility Values -
    Long-term Complications
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    Productivity - Annual Salary
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